The Fossil Record of Mesozoic and Paleocene Pennaraptorans

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	The Fossil Record of Mesozoic and Paleocene Pennaraptorans
	Pittman, Michael 1; O'Connor, Jingmai2,3 ; Tse, Edison 1; Makovicky, Peter 4; Field, Daniel J.5; Ma, Waisum 6; Turner, Alan H.7; Norell, Mark A.8; Pei, Rui 2,3; Xu, Xing2,3
	2020-08-21
发表期刊	BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
ISSN	0003-0090
期号	440 页码:37-95
摘要	An unabated surge of new and important discoveries continues to transform knowledge of pen-naraptoran biology and evolution amassed over the last 150+ years. This chapter summarizes progress made thus far in sampling the pennaraptoran fossil record of the Mesozoic and Paleocene and proposes priority areas of attention moving forward. Oviraptorosaurians are bizarre, nonparavian pennaraptorans first discovered in North America and Mongolia within Late Cretaceous rocks in the early 20th century. We now know that oviraptorosaurians also occupied the Early Cretaceous and their unquestionable fossil record is currently limited to Laurasia. Early Cretaceous material from China preserves feathers and other soft tissues and ingested remains including gastroliths and other stomach contents, while brooding specimens and age-structured, single-species accumulations from China and Mongolia provide spectacular behavioral insights. Less specialized early oviraptorosaurians like Incisivosaurus and Microvenator remain rare, and ancestral forms expected in the Late Jurassic are yet to be discovered, although some authors have suggested Epidexipteryx and possibly other scansoriopterygids may represent early-diverging oviraptorosaurians. Long-armed scansoriopterygids from the Middle-Late Jurassic of Laurasia are either early-diverging oviraptorosaurians or paravians, and some have considered them to be early-diverging avialans. Known from five (or possibly six) feathered specimens from China, only two mature individuals exist, representing these taxa. These taxa, Yi and Ambopteryx, preserve stylopod-supported wing membranes that are the only known alternative to the feathered, muscular wings that had been exclusively associated with dinosaurian flight. Thus, scansoriopterygid specimens-particularly those preserving soft tissue-remain a key priority for future specimen collection. Dromaeosaurids and troodontids were first discovered in North America and Mongolia in Late Cretaceous rocks. More recent discoveries show that these animals originated in the Late Jurassic, were strikingly feathered, lived across diverse climes and environments, and at least in the case of dromaeosaurids, attained a global distribution and the potential for aerial locomotion at small size. Gondwanan troodontids are almost unknown compared to southern dromaeosaurids, so the fidelity of this biogeographical signal is worth further exploration. Discovery of well-preserved Middle-Late Jurassic material will be crucial for understanding the origin of key dromaeosaurid and troodontid traits, with the controversial anchiornithines potentially already offering this if their troodontid status can be solidified. In line with the preferences of most theropod palaeontologists, birds are defined herein as members of Avialae, including stem and crown taxa, whilst Aves herein refers to crown-group birds (see Pittman et al., chapter 1, for the precise definition of Avialae adopted; elsewhere, typically among ornithologists, Aves refers to stem and crown taxa whilst Neornithes refers to crown-group birds). Despite taphonomic bias against avialans in the fossil record, their Early Cretaceous record is fairly robust largely due to the high taxonomic and ecological diversity preserved within the rich Jehol deposits of northeastern China. Archaeopteryx (and possibly the controversial Middle-Late Jurassic anchiornithines) show what some of the earliest birds were like, but better-preserved soft tissues hold the key to understanding their substantially different anatomy and flight capabilities to crown-group birds (Aves). The Late Cretaceous-early Paleocene fossil record of crown birds is especially poor, and improved sampling will be necessary to clarify our understanding of avialan survivorship, ecological selectivity, and recovery across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Deposits of Eocene age, such as Messel and Green River, have been especially useful for documenting the early evolutionary history of crown birds. However, the discovery of new Cretaceous and/or Palaeogene bird-bearing lagerstatten from Gondwana will be important for accurately determining ancestral biogeographic patterns.
关键词[WOS]	CRETACEOUS YIXIAN FORMATION ; DINOSAUR PARK FORMATION ; 2 MEDICINE FORMATION ; PRIMITIVE ENANTIORNITHINE BIRD ; BIZARRE JURASSIC MANIRAPTORAN ; NEUQUEN BASIN ARGENTINA ; RESOLVE EARLY BRANCHES ; JUDITH RIVER FORMATION ; IREN DABASU FORMATION ; HELL CREEK FORMATION
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	Research Grant Council of Hong Kong's General Research Fund[17103315] ; Faculty of Science of the University of Hong Kong ; National Science Foundation of China[41688103] ; Macaulay Family endowment ; National Science Foundation of China[41120124002] ; National Science Foundation of China[91514302] ; First Initiative Foundation ; UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship[MR/S032177/1] ; American Museum of Natural History (Division of Vertebrate Paleontology) ; NSF Earth Sciences
WOS研究方向	Biodiversity & Conservation ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
WOS类目	Biodiversity Conservation ; Ecology
WOS记录号	WOS:000561794300003
出版者	AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/17998
专题	中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
通讯作者	Pittman, Michael
作者单位	1.Univ Hong Kong, Div Earth & Planetary Sci, Vertebrate Palaeontol Lab, Hong Kong, Peoples R China 2.Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins, Beijing, Peoples R China 3.CAS Ctr Excellence Life & Paleoenvironm, Beijing, Peoples R China 4.Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA 5.Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge, England 6.Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England 7.SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA 8.Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Paleontol, New York, NY 10024 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Pittman, Michael,O'Connor, Jingmai,Tse, Edison,et al. The Fossil Record of Mesozoic and Paleocene Pennaraptorans[J]. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY,2020(440):37-95.
APA	Pittman, Michael.,O'Connor, Jingmai.,Tse, Edison.,Makovicky, Peter.,Field, Daniel J..,...&Xu, Xing.(2020).The Fossil Record of Mesozoic and Paleocene Pennaraptorans.BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY(440),37-95.
MLA	Pittman, Michael,et al."The Fossil Record of Mesozoic and Paleocene Pennaraptorans".BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY .440(2020):37-95.

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