古低等脊椎动物研究室知识库

本文依据近年来在江西武宁清水组及安徽宁国唐家坞组中新发现的含鱼层位, 结合古鱼类形态学与系统学研究结果, 对中国含志留纪早期鱼化石的主要层位进行梳理, 认为: (1) 浙西北地区产曙鱼科和修水鱼科化石的地层为唐家坞组, 属于下红层, 而非上红层茅山组; (2) 皖东南地区产大庸鱼科化石的地层为唐家坞组, 属于下红层; (3) 依据所产的大庸鱼科、汉阳鱼科、古木鱼科等原始盔甲鱼类化石, 苏皖地区侯家塘组属于下红层;(4) 根据古鱼类化石, 华南的溶溪组、清水组、唐家坞组、侯家塘组与新疆塔里木盆地的塔塔埃尔塔格组可以直接对比, 时代为志留纪兰多维列世特列奇早期。基于古鱼类化石新认识, 本文修订了产于湖南下红层中的温塘鱼类化石组合, 该组合主要以盔甲鱼亚纲中的基干盔甲鱼类(汉阳鱼科、修水鱼科、大庸鱼科)、最原始的真盔甲鱼类(曙鱼科)、最原始的多鳃鱼类(古木鱼科)与软骨鱼类中的中华棘鱼类的出现与繁盛为特征。

Combined with two new fish-bearing beds from the Qingshui Formation in Wuning, Jiangxi and the Tangchiawu Formation in Ningguo, Anhui, processes on palaeoichthyological morphology and taxonomy, and revisions on the horizons of early Silurian fish fossils in China, the following processes are made: (1) the strata yielding Shuyuidae and Xiushuiaspidae in northwestern Zhejiang should be referred as the lower red beds Tangchiawu Formation, rather than the upper red beds Maoshan Formation; (2) the strata yielding Dayongaspidae in southeastern Anhui belong to the lower red beds Tangchiawu Formation; (3) the Houchiatang Formation belongs to the lower red beds according to the Dayongaspidae, Hanyangaspidae and Gumuaspidae yielded in this formation; (4) the Rongxi, Qingshui, Tangchiawu, and Houchiatang formations in South China and the Tataertag Formation in Tarim Basin can correlate with each other based on the palaeoichthyological evidence. On the basis of above progresses, the Wentang vertebrate assemblage yielded in the lower red beds of Hunan is revised, which is characterized by the occurrence and diversification of basal galeaspids (Dayongaspidae, Hanyangaspidae, and Xiushuiaspidae), the most basal Eugaleaspiformes (Shuyuidae), the most basal Polybranchiaspiformes (Gumuaspidae), and the Sinacanthidae of chondrichthyans.