The demise of the giant ape <i>Gigantopithecus blacki</i>

doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06900-0

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	The demise of the giant ape Gigantopithecus blacki
	Zhang, Yingqi 1,2; Westaway, Kira E.1,2; Haberle, Simon 3; Lubeek, Julien K.2; Bailey, Marian 4; Ciochon, Russell 5,6; Morley, Mike W.7; Roberts, Patrick 8,9,10; Zhao, Jian-xin 11; Duval, Mathieu 12,13; Dosseto, Anthony 14; Pan, Yue 1; Rule, Sue 3; Liao, Wei 15; Gully, Grant A.16; Lucas, Mary 9; Mo, Jinyou 17; Yang, Liyun 18; Cai, Yanjun 19; Wang, Wei 15; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud 1,4,20
	2024-01-18
发表期刊	NATURE
ISSN	0028-0836
卷号	625 期号:7995 页码:25
通讯作者	Zhang, Yingqi([email protected]) ; Westaway, Kira E.([email protected]) ; Wang, Wei([email protected]) ; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud([email protected])
摘要	The largest ever primate and one of the largest of the southeast Asian megafauna, Gigantopithecus blacki1, persisted in China from about 2.0 million years until the late middle Pleistocene when it became extinct(2-4). Its demise is enigmatic considering that it was one of the few Asian great apes to go extinct in the last 2.6 million years, whereas others, including orangutan, survived until the present(5). The cause of the disappearance of G. blacki remains unresolved but could shed light on primate resilience and the fate of megafauna in this region(6). Here we applied three multidisciplinary analyses-timing, past environments and behaviour-to 22 caves in southern China. We used 157 radiometric ages from six dating techniques to establish a timeline for the demise of G. blacki. We show that from 2.3 million years ago the environment was a mosaic of forests and grasses, providing ideal conditions for thriving G. blacki populations. However, just before and during the extinction window between 295,000 and 215,000 years ago there was enhanced environmental variability from increased seasonality, which caused changes in plant communities and an increase in open forest environments. Although its close relative Pongo weidenreichi managed to adapt its dietary preferences and behaviour to this variability, G. blacki showed signs of chronic stress and dwindling populations. Ultimately its struggle to adapt led to the extinction of the greatest primate to ever inhabit the Earth.
DOI	10.1038/s41586-023-06900-0
关键词[WOS]	MOLAR ENAMEL THICKNESS ; EARLY PLEISTOCENE ; U-SERIES ; EXTINCTION ; GUANGXI ; ESR ; QUARTZ ; FAUNA ; CAVE ; DIET
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	Australian Research Council ; Future Fellowship ; LIEF[DP170101597] ; Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research grant[FT180100309] ; Ramon y Cajal Fellowship[LE130100115] ; MCIN/AEI[XDB26030303] ; ESF Investing in your future[RYC2018-025221-I] ; Max Planck Society ; W. V. Scott Estate Charitable Trust Fund ; Ruggles-Gates Scholarship by Royal Anthropological Institute (United Kingdom) ; National Social Science Foundation of China[123402902] ; BaGui Scholars Project of the Guangxi[125201851] ; [20ZD246]
项目资助者	Australian Research Council ; Future Fellowship ; LIEF ; Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research grant ; Ramon y Cajal Fellowship ; MCIN/AEI ; ESF Investing in your future ; Max Planck Society ; W. V. Scott Estate Charitable Trust Fund ; Ruggles-Gates Scholarship by Royal Anthropological Institute (United Kingdom) ; National Social Science Foundation of China ; BaGui Scholars Project of the Guangxi
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
WOS类目	Multidisciplinary Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:001157281900017
出版者	NATURE PORTFOLIO
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/23386
专题	中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
通讯作者	Zhang, Yingqi; Westaway, Kira E.; Wang, Wei; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Beijing, Peoples R China 2.Macquarie Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Sch Nat Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia 3.Australian Natl Univ, ANU Coll Asia & Pacific, Sch Culture Hist & Language, Canberra, ACT, Australia 4.Southern Cross Univ, GARG, Lismore, NSW, Australia 5.Univ Iowa, Dept Anthropol, Iowa City, IA USA 6.Univ Iowa, Museum Nat Hist, Iowa City, IA USA 7.Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Humanities Arts & Social Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia 8.Max Planck Inst Geoanthropol, isoTROPIC Res Grp, Jena, Germany 9.Max Planck Inst Geoanthropol, Dept Archaeol, Jena, Germany 10.Univ Queensland, Sch Social Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia 11.Univ Queensland, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia 12.Natl Res Ctr Human Evolut CENIEH, Burgos, Spain 13.Griffith Univ, Australian Res Ctr Human Evolut ARCHE, Brisbane, Qld, Australia 14.Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth Atmospher & Life Sci, Wollongong Isotope Geochronol Lab, Wollongong, NSW, Australia 15.Shandong Univ, Inst Cultural Heritage, Qingdao, Peoples R China 16.Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Sci & Engn, Adelaide, SA, Australia 17.Nat Hist Museum Guangxi, Nanning, Peoples R China 18.Chongzuo Zhuang Ethnol Musuem, Chongzuo, Peoples R China 19.Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian, Peoples R China 20.Univ Johannesburg, Palaeo Res Inst, Johannesburg, South Africa
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhang, Yingqi,Westaway, Kira E.,Haberle, Simon,et al. The demise of the giant ape Gigantopithecus blacki[J]. NATURE,2024,625(7995):25.
APA	Zhang, Yingqi.,Westaway, Kira E..,Haberle, Simon.,Lubeek, Julien K..,Bailey, Marian.,...&Joannes-Boyau, Renaud.(2024).The demise of the giant ape Gigantopithecus blacki.NATURE,625(7995),25.
MLA	Zhang, Yingqi,et al."The demise of the giant ape Gigantopithecus blacki".NATURE 625.7995(2024):25.